Here’s what’s happening in geopolitics today. From the deserts of Mali to the waters of the Pacific, today's headlines are a reminder that strategic competition is playing out on multiple fronts, with rebels claiming to have downed a Russian helicopter and China drawing attention with a ballistic missile test.
Meanwhile, Iran's week-long farewell to Ali Khamenei continues, Turkey is making its case for a bigger role in European defence as the NATO summit gets underway, and Australia has strengthened its Pacific security ties with a landmark defence pact with Fiji.
In today’s conflict tracker, Russian forces have faced another setback in Mali, after anti-government forces launched a series of attacks in the contested Kidal region.
Tuareg-led rebels in northern Mali claimed they shot down a Russian military helicopter during clashes near the strategic town of Anefis, as fighting intensified between insurgent groups and forces backing Mali's military government. The helicopter was reportedly operated by Russia's Africa Corps, though Malian and Russian authorities had not immediately confirmed the claim, while the Malian army said it had repelled coordinated attacks across several regions.
Three of the late Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei's sons (Mostafa, Meysam and Masoud) appeared alongside their father's coffin during public funeral ceremonies in Tehran, while his successor, Mojtaba Khamenei, remained absent. Iranian state media did not explain Mojtaba's absence, though reports citing officials and sources said it was due to ongoing security concerns following the conflict with Israel and the United States. The funeral, attended by senior political and military figures and large crowds of mourners, forms part of a week-long series of processions intended to demonstrate national unity following Khamenei's death.
Turkey is using the opening of the NATO summit in Ankara to position itself as a central player in Europe's evolving defence architecture, arguing that its military capabilities and defence industry make it indispensable to the continent's security. Turkish officials are expected to press allies to remove restrictions on defence trade, deepen cooperation with European security initiatives and expand opportunities for Turkey's defence sector, while NATO leaders focus on defence spending, military production and continued support for Ukraine. The summit comes as European allies seek to assume greater responsibility for regional security amid shifting US priorities.
Australia and Fiji have signed a landmark defence alliance and a separate economic partnership worth A$1 billion (US$650 million) over the next decade, deepening security cooperation as Canberra seeks to counter China's growing influence in the Pacific. The new Ocean of Peace Alliance includes mutual defence commitments and mechanisms for closer military coordination, while the accompanying Vuvale Union will fund infrastructure, economic development and people-to-people ties between the two countries. Fijian Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka said the agreement would not come at the expense of relations with Beijing, while Australian officials described the pact as a key pillar of regional stability amid intensifying strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific.
China's military test-fired a nuclear-capable ballistic missile carrying a dummy warhead from a nuclear-powered submarine into the Pacific Ocean, just hours after Australia and Fiji signed a landmark defence pact aimed at strengthening regional security. Beijing described the launch as a routine annual military exercise and said relevant countries had been notified in advance, but Australia, Japan and New Zealand criticised the test as destabilising amid growing strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific. While there is no evidence the missile test was directly linked to the Australia–Fiji agreement, its timing has intensified scrutiny of China's military activities and broader geopolitical signalling in the Pacific.
On July 4, the FLA and JNIM launched their largest coordinated offensive since April, striking Anefis, Aguelhok and Gao in the north, Sévaré and Konna in the center, and the Kenieroba prison near Bamako. Anefis and Aguelhok are the last two positions where the Malian army and Russian Africa Corps hold ground in the Kidal region, after government forces pulled back from Kidal and Tessalit between late April and May.

Aguelhok held. Despite FLA claims that the town fell, Africa Corps and Malian forces remain in control of both the town and its military base following the July 4 assault. Anefis is the position genuinely in the balance. Video Evidence
Reporting on Anefis diverges sharply. The FLA says its fighters entered the town, captured several positions and hundreds of soldiers, and downed Russian helicopters. Africa Corps and Malian sources say the attacks were repelled, the base west of town still holds, and two commanders were killed, FLA deputy Mbarek Ag Akli and JNIM's Abderrahman Zaza. None of this is independently verified, and AFP, Reuters and Al Jazeera have all flagged the competing claims as unconfirmed. Source
A convoy sent from Gao to reinforce Anefis on the evening of July 4 was reportedly ambushed and forced back with heavy losses. Open source accounts suggest the remnants were struck again while regrouping. Great thread on the entire convoy saga here
The pattern matters more than any single claim. In April, Malian and Russian forces negotiated managed withdrawals from Kidal and Tessalit. This time the coalition appears unwilling to grant the same exit, and fighting continues with airstrikes and renewed shelling of the Anefis base. Logistics are visible too: Russia has reportedly resupplied Bamako through Conakry in Guinea, while Turkish support has reached the Sévaré drone base. Sources Available upon request
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